What Do Investors Use to Evaluate Start-ups?
Evaluating start-ups is a vital process for Investors as it aids them in identifying the most promising opportunities whilst mitigating the risks associated with early-stage investments. What makes this a vital process is the high failure rate of start-ups, which entices Investors to thoroughly assess the various aspects of a company to determine its potential success and scalability. The evaluation process involves an in-depth analysis of the following four categories:
Team and Market
Product/Technology and Customer Metrics
Financial Projections and Operational Indicators
Risk Assessment
Team and Market
The founding team plays a decisive role in a start-up's potential for success. Investors assess the expertise and experience of the founders, looking for strong backgrounds, proven track records, and depth of knowledge. Commitment is crucial as dedicated and driven founders will likely overcome the challenges they will face along their road. Another skill that investors tend to look at is effective collaboration within the team.
Joint first for importance is the market opportunity. Investors evaluate the size of the market, with the focal being the total addressable market (TAM) and the growth potential. Among the considerations are market need by acknowledging the pain points the product and/or technology addresses and its significance. To add, the competitive landscape is understood to gauge how the start-up differentiates itself from the existing players and how much market share can be carved out.
Product/Technology and Customer Metrics
The product and/or technology must stand out for its innovation and uniqueness. Investors seek technological advantages that provide a competitive edge. For product-market fit is another factor, with proof required to show the product effectively meets a significant market need.
Customer metrics such as the following are examined:
Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC): Cost to acquire a new customer.
Lifetime Value (LTV): Total revenue expected from a customer over their relationship with the company.
A high churn rate, the percentage of customers who top using the product or service over a specific period, can be a sign of worry indicating potential issues with customer satisfaction or product fit.
Financial Projections and Operational Indicators
Due to the limited historical financial performance data for start-ups, investors channel their focus on projections. Of which includes:
Projected Revenue Growth Rates: Increase in revenue over a specified period.
Anticipated Gross Margins: projected revenue minus the cost of goods sold.
Burn Rate: The rate at which the company is expected to spend its capital.
Operational indicators are critical, with key performance indicators (KPIs) tailored to the industry and a business model that provides insight into the company’s performance. Unit economics (the profitability of a single unit of product or service sold) is evaluated to understand the long-term sustainability of the business model.
Finally, the exit strategy is a significant consideration. Investors assess the pre-money and post-money evaluation, the percentage of ownership they receive in exchange for their investment, and the potential for an exit through acquisition or IPO. This analysis allows investors to estimate the expected return on the investment.
Risk Assessment
This crucial segment is an essential one to help identify the potential challenges that could impact the start-up's success. Traction and scalability are a key factor, whereby investors look at the following:
Current User Base
Growth Trajectory
Significant Partnerships/Deals
Various risk factors are evaluated, including regulatory risks which involve the potential legal and regulatory challenges that may affect operations. Market risks consider the following dynamics:
Macro-Economic Shifts
Changes In Consumer Behavior
Technology risks are also important which encompass issues related to development, adoption, and the scalability of the technology.
All investors will have such comprehensive criteria as a staple in their investment process to make informed decisions on their potential investments. Understanding this criterion is vital to both investors and entrepreneurs seeking funding.
Written by Hussam Al-Noori, Investor Relations Analyst at Angels Den, Europe and UK’s largest angel-led finance platform helping early-stage companies and SMEs get easy access to growth capital.